Prisms are made of some transparent materials, such as glass, crystal and other materials made of polyhedron, it is also a very important optical element, so it is widely used in optical instruments.

In a prism, the plane on which the light is incident is called the side, and the plane perpendicular to the side is called the main section. According to the shape of the main section, the prism is divided into three prism, right Angle prism and pentagonal prism. There are also many kinds of prism constant, generally our domestic prism constant is -30㎜, and the imported prism constant is generally 0㎜.

Filed a prism would think of colorful images, this is because the prism is made of transparent optical glass processing, each a prism is the refraction and reflection refraction of light to work together, and prism is made through a variety of machining, the main forming blank, milling grinding, fine grinding, polishing, grinding, cleaning, inspection, coating, etc.

Prism can divide light into different components, and can also be used to reflect or different polarized light. The refractive index of most media is related to the color of the wavelength of light. When light passes through a prism, it will have different degrees of color separation due to the dispersion of the prism after refraction. Because of the particularities of prism manufacture and light refraction, what kinds of prisms are there? What are the specific uses?

1. The use of prism

The function of a prism is to split or disperse a beam of light. In modern life, prisms are widely used in digital equipment, science and technology, medical instruments and other fields.

Common digital equipment: camera, closed-circuit television, projector, digital camera, digital video recorder, CCD lens and all kinds of optical equipment;

Science and technology: telescope, microscope, level, fingerprint, gun scope, solar energy converter and all kinds of measuring instruments;

Medical equipment: cystoscope, gastroscope and all kinds of laser treatment equipment.

2. Classification of prisms

The plane from which the rays of the prism incident is the side, and the plane perpendicular to the side is called the main section. According to the different characters and uses of the prism can be divided into right Angle prism, dispersive prism, right Angle prism, pentagonal prism, Daowei prism, right Angle roof prism, diamond prism, proprism, beam cube prism, equilateral triangle prism, wedge prism, special-shaped prism, etc.

A rectangular prism is generally a prism with a right triangle cross section. It is often used to replace a plane mirror in optical instruments to change the direction of light propagation, with less energy loss and better effect.

Dawei prism can also be said to be a rectangular prism that is removed, which not only reduces the weight of the prism but also reduces the internal reflection of the prism stray light. When used to concentrate the beam, astigmatism and the polarization state of the beam will be caused, so the collimated beam will be used to concentrate the beam.

Dispersive prism is mainly used to decompose the components of light and make light present its original color. Due to the influence of light frequency on refractive index, when white light of different frequencies is shot into the prism, light waves of different frequencies will be deflected to different degrees. Blue light is slower than red light, so its deflection is more than red light.

A wedge prism is usually used to deflect an incident beam to a specified direction at a certain deflection Angle. When used in pairs, the outgoing beam can be positioned in any direction in a cone with the incident beam as the axis by the relative rotation of the two optical wedges. The wedge Angle of the wedge prism and the anti-reflection film on the back can reduce the ghost image interference on the back surface. High precision substrate ensures the wavefront accuracy of reflected and transmitted light.

One of the basic functions of right-angle prisms is that the critical Angle characteristic is used to efficiently reflect the incident light. A rectangular prism is usually coated with an optical film when used. The rectangular prism itself has a large contact area and a typical Angle of 45°, 90°, so, compared with the ordinary mirror, the rectangular prism is easier to install, has better stability and strength to mechanical stress. ,

Proprism is a refracting prism used in optical instruments to modify the orientation of the image. He was named after the Italian optical engineer Inaziopullo who invented it.

A Propane prism is an isosceles rectangular prism shaped from a glass block with the end plane facing the right Angle. In use, the light enters from the largest rectangular surface in the prism, after two total reflection of the inclined plane, and then penetrates the original incident plane. Because light is only in and out of the normal state, the prism does not have the effect of dispersion.

All prisms can change the direction of the beam without changing its dispersion. Different prisms have different effects on light and different uses.